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B cell Toll-like receptor expression and function

6,281:24111 ~ 24123.14LauCM, BroughtonC,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], TaborAS, eta1. RNA-associatedautoantigensactivateBcellycombinedBcellantigenre-ceptor/Toll-likereceptor7engagement. JExpMed, 2005,202:1171 ~ 1177.15LeadbetterEA, RifkinIR, HohlbaumAM, eta1. Chromatin-IgGcomplexesactivateBcellydualengagementofIgMandToll-likereceptors. Nature, 2002,416:603 ~ 607.16Vi ~ iantiGA, LauCM, HanleyTM, eta1. ActivationofautoreactiveBcellyCpGdsDNA. Immunity ,2003,19:837-847 .17 RuiL,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], VinuesaCG, BlasioliJ, eta1. ResistancetoCpGDNA ·-inducedautoimmunitythroughtolerogenicBcellanti ·-genreceptorERKsignaling. NatImmunol, 2003,4:594 ~ 600.18LiuN, OhnishiN,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], NiL, eta1. CpGdirectlyinducesT-betexpressionandinhibitsIgGlandIgEswitchinginBcells. NatImmunol, 2003,4:687 ~ 693.19JiangW, LedermanMM, HardingCV, eta1. TLR9stimu-lationdrivesnaYveBcellstoproliferateandtoattainen-hancedantigenpresentingfunction. EurJImmunol, 2007,37:2205 ~ 2213.20TomicJ, WhiteD, ShiY, eta1. SensitizationofIL-2sig-nalingthroughTLR-7enhancesBlymphomacellimmuno-genicity. JImmunol, 2006,176:3830 ~ 3839. Neural stem cells in learning and memory function in the adult brain continuously generate new neurons. This process was such as learning, memory, movement, environment and stress factors such as regulation of external stimuli. Although these new neurons to migrate and integrate into the neural network, but it is not clear the molecular mechanism of this process, it is unclear whether they are needed to maintain the normal function of the brain. In the February 21, 2008 Nature magazine published Chun-LiZhang other researchers report. Adult neural stem cell bank by the orphan nuclear receptor TLX-positive cells. Because in the knockout mice during development can cause brain shrinking TLX, blindness and other effects. Article published in Nature in a mouse model of the genetic strategy used to construct TLX (also called NR2E1) can be induced knockout mice experimental study. The results show that, TLX spontaneous manner to cells by controlling cell proliferation and growth of the gene network, regulating adult neural stem cell proliferation. Can induce recombination by specifically removed from the adult mouse brain TLX, were significantly decreased stem cell proliferation. At the same time the spatial learning ability of these mice was also significantly reduced. But the formation of neurons does not affect the inhibitory effect of fear conditioning, circadian rhythm, and other acts. The new research shows the generation of neurons in adult learning and memory play an important role, and this effect on brain function selective characteristics. (Nature,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], 2008,451:1004 ~ 1009) (Feng Juan)

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