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Western mountain villages ecological characteristics of the building

Chinese papers League finishing. Abstract: This article from the building site, structure, indoor and outdoor climate regulation, building materials selection and other aspects of the Western mountain villages to study the ecological character of buildings, to achieve sustainable development of mountain building basis. Keywords: Western; mountain villages; ecological characteristics; sustainability Abstract: In this article, we study the ecological characteristic of the village architectures in West Hunan from architecture sites, structure characteristic, climate adjusting from the outside to the inside, choices of building materials, etc, and put forward suggestions of improving the durable development of mountain architectures. Keywords: west Hunan; mountain villages; ecological characteristic; durable development present era of architectural heritage as defined in the gradual extension of the scope, the more contemporary architectural heritage within the area of Cultural Heritage Protection and Development of a doubt has become an international trend. Worsening in the living environment of today, people began to reflect on the development of modern architecture, recognizing the popularity of architectural forms, such as skyscrapers, glass walls, consuming energy, waste of land,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], destruction of nature and so is not sustainable and must be significant change, while highlighting local ethnic architecture reflects the architecture and the organic integration of the ecological environment, the occurrence and development is full of simple ideas of sustainable development [1]. The forefathers of Western mountain village, in the long day and night along with the natural environment, developing their own unique eco-building ideas. 1 1.1 site built environment in the mountain environment sunshine, due to slope, aspect and altitude of different bases, different slopes and sunshine sunshine bases vary widely spaced . Shown in Figure 1, the same mountain, the southern slope was significantly less than the slope of sunshine spacing requirements sunshine spacing requirements. The base of each aspect, the sunshine time is also very different: the southern slope of the southeast (southwest) slopes of the relatively long duration of sunshine, SU, followed by the West Slope, North Slope and North (northwest) slope of the shortest. Above normal rain in West Hunan, less sunlight, building more choices southern slope, southeast (southwest) slope, to get as much sunshine. 1.2 Western mountain regions ventilation, air movement greatly influenced by the terrain, in addition to the wind climate, there are topography and thermal effect produced by the local wind. Where the wind often plays a major role in building ventilation, common types include mountain wind, the valley winds, mountain Pass wind, wind and other land and water. On Western traditional architecture in the site is usually considered the use of natural wind, buildings are generally arranged along the river valley to the valley for the construction to bring cool air in summer can effectively improve the ventilation of buildings and from to the role of cooling dehumidification. 1.3 Green Western spread of block it, it is also deliberately planted trees in the courtyard door into a piece of wood or even bamboo. Western region since ancient times, the custom of God worship trees, often selected in the leafy entrance to the village close to the trees, and trees as the guardian of the village's feng shui tree, whenever a disaster is difficult, there are patients have pain, people with incense, paper, wine, meat to the feng shui tree worship to pray, and some also in the branches of a bar on the locks of red cloth pinned wish. Feng shui tree on the line of sight block and lead plays the role of both, even if the trees had not, people will be planted at the entrance to the village twelve trees, grow together with the village. Feng shui tree often planted in villages of the stage, near the wells, or standing in the village assembly and various activities of the center of the square, lush trees, the villagers provide mutual exchanges, labor rest of the building space. In summer, the dense foliage blocking the intense solar radiation,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], providing cool shade and reduce the surrounding temperature; winter, one finds, to ensure adequate sunlight and sunshine. During the day, cooler in the woods, the cool air spreads out from the woods at night when just the opposite, enabling the flow of air between day and night to improve the surrounding air quality and temperature regulation. 2 ecological building structure Western Mountain residential structure to use more Chuan Dou, by columns, beams, purlins, Fang and other components to form the framework to bear the roof,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], floor loading, and wind , seismic forces, the wall is not load-bearing, since only enclosed, separated, and the role of stabilizing pillars, hence the Construction layout flexible, convenient, casual open windows and doors, shape that has greater , in the rich architectural style, it is also to fight for building space to create the objective conditions, expanding the use of housing space. In order to overcome the terrain elevation and other reasons, building forms the physical form and space will produce a corresponding change with the terrain, the mountain often constructed as part of the building, and construction has combined with the Hill is to establish a different space form [3]. Chuan Dou structural materials used in construction are wood, stone and other local materials, ease of use of local materials and components, light weight, small size, easy-to-mountain transport and construction. 3 outdoor climate regulation 3.1 Diaojiaolou Diaojiaolou humid climate is a design adapted to local practices and ecological strategies. Western mountain regions, a subtropical monsoon climate, humid climate, dense forests, wild animals often come and go. In order to reduce the occupation of valuable farmland resources, the locals will be housing built in the hills, houses on stilts free-form diversity, adapt to the mountains and river scarp slope of the terrain, by hanging the shelf in the hillside from the foot wooden pillars supporting the floor, through the roof lowered The hanging live in the corridor the Column, to maximize use of space, solves the problem of shortage of land so that housing can be informal mountain, like the natural growth out of the ordinary, outstanding even in the hillside above the cliffs, which will help lighting and ventilation. As the bottom of overhead construction, but also solve the problem of ground moisture, to prevent wild animals and other wild animals to human Chongyi purpose, reducing the destruction of mountain vegetation. 3.2 large roof overhangs to use more traditional architecture Western Large roof overhangs, which is building the region, a major feature. Southern Chuan Dou-style houses are usually only one step roof overhangs, and overhangs Residences in the West up to two steps, overhangs deeper than 1.5m, or even close to 2m, either because too large overhangs plus column made of a veranda. Large roof overhangs not only a variety of activities for people to provide a comfortable outdoor wide gallery space, but also to adapt to the Western mountain weather conditions, indoor and outdoor environment as a buffer zone with the outdoors to avoid indoor climate change is too large. In the hot, rainy summer, the large roof is like a big umbrella, the hot sun, pouring rain get in the house; in the cold winter, a large roof like a barrier, withstood the wind and snow, protecting people from attacks. 3.3 small courtyard patio in the Western region are common in the store house and the general residential use of the most common use of the courtyard is not only enrich the architectural space, but also help natural light, ventilation and drainage, summer residents enjoy the cool places, the winter also play a holding role. Different from the north courtyard, patio Western smaller scale, this is Xiangxi Te a climate adaptation. Western humid climate, cooling is slow, opening the smaller courtyard space, housing the less exposed surface to avoid direct sunlight,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], while the ventilation effect is more significant, improved insulation and ventilation. Therefore, the courtyard patio of the small openings in the Western region of space is widely used, is an ideal region to adapt to high temperature and humidity buildings. Is usually open-air courtyard, surrounded by the roof connected to rain water from the four focus for the courtyard, folk known as In some places in the courtyard at the top and then covered with a roof, the roof while this increased four walls do not do windows, called a small attic in the roof. This will not only maintain the role of the courtyard the original lighting and ventilation, and so can not be down to the courtyard in the rain, but also so that the original building before and after the two-between the more of a 4 indoor climate regulation 4.1 thermocline space limitations due to terrain conditions, often in Western mountain building bay, depth is not large, but only the development of the air, the formation of the thermocline or laminated combinations of vertical space. Duplex or laminated to adapt to the terrain, creating a rich form of architectural interior space, improved space utilization, but also to avoid built-up areas where housing is in front of the building behind the building block of the problem - the main room and activity space will be arranged in the upper both to avoid moisture, and good lighting and ventilation; the kitchen, toilets, livestock, etc. are arranged in the bottom circle. Space up and down, up and down along the smooth flow of air to the space and circulation, improved indoor air conditions.

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