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Actively promote the higher education system

Chinese papers League finishing. Higher education system is to achieve June 1994, the State Council held a national education conference and after the State Council issued In order to further implement the Party Central Committee and State Council on the instructions of the higher education system, we hold this forum on the work of the higher education system. The meeting's main task is to further study, understand and implement the Party Central Committee and State Council on Higher Education with the spirit of reform; exchange, summed up the higher education system in recent years has been the experience of making and circumstances; focus on further promoting higher education management system reform ideas, policies and measures. For success of this meeting, the State Education Commission and the relevant central ministries, the provincial education departments and institutions of higher learning comrades were more than six months of preparation, the drafting of a submitted to this meeting to discuss changes. Now I focus on three issues about views. First, the main contents of the higher education system and its significance the third plenary session, China's higher education has been considerable progress. With economic, political, technological and structural reforms, higher education system continued to depth and yielding some results, and accumulated a lot of useful experience. Especially the party's congress proposed the establishment of socialist market economic system after the reform of higher education put new demands and challenges, but also injected new vitality, provides a good opportunity. In recent years, higher education reform in the education system, management system, investment system, recruitment and graduate employment system, school system and other aspects of internal management reforms have made new progress in varying degrees. School system in the reform, enterprises in all sectors of society such as schools, private colleges and universities, has developed cooperative education, undertaken by the government began to break the pattern of school, is forming a government school-based, community active participation of all sectors of the new pattern of school. Management system reform, the gradual transformation of government functions,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the management is trying to shift to the macro, by the central ministries and provinces, municipalities and autonomous regional government to work together to build various forms of co-management, and other forms of joint education gradually change the school's single-subordinate relationship and the original single source of funding and strengthened the school's ability to meet the various needs of society, and gradually strengthened the role of provincial government co-ordination of higher education. Institutional reform and investment, the government press the appropriate channels to raise fees and other ways of funding for education, some schools improved school conditions. To financial allocations based, multi-channel financing of the investment system has been gradually formed. Enrollment and graduates in the employment system reform, the enrollment plan the implementation of national plans and regulatory programs mission of combining systems, and is gradually expanding regulatory scheme; fee system is being reformed, in specific historical conditions The government scholarships and scholarships, Internal management reform and institutional aspects of colleges and universities, and actively and steadily push forward the school personnel, distribution, housing and insurance and welfare system reform and mobilize the enthusiasm of the broad masses of staff and enhance the vitality of local schools, to improve education quality, scientific level and operating efficiency has played a catalytic role. In short, the higher education system is interconnected in all aspects of an organic whole, through all aspects of comprehensive reform, and gradually establish and improve the government's overall planning and macro management, school autonomy law for the community's new school system. However, the overall situation from the current higher education reform process is still lagging behind in economic reform and social development, and the establishment of socialist market economic system is incompatible. This was reflected in the following areas: 1. College of the organizers, administrators, school between the responsibilities, rights and interests and norms by explicit enough on the whole, the school has not really changed its competent authorities for the status of subsidiary bodies, for the community of independent schools power is limited, self-discipline mechanism is not perfect. 2. Central administrative departments of education, other central ministries, Corporation, Association, and local government administrative departments of education, other business schools and management departments and bureaus were formed by school affiliation, and compartmentalization of a single situation there is no substantive change, causing some schools and professional duplication, educational resources and the structure and layout of the school is not reasonable, efficiency is not high school. 3. Some industries and strong professional schools to set over a single, professional narrow, not suited to modern technology, economic and social development of the personnel training requirements, is not conducive to schools to improve educational standards and educational quality, not the socialist market economic system dedicated talent supply and demand of social and industry change, the flow of talent needs. 4. With the reform of government institutions function transformation, business delegation, a number of departments, industry itself needs not only talent, but also including universities, including the units directly subordinate management style, great changes have taken place in a single school system department affiliation gradual reform is imperative. Existence of these problems, highlighting reflects not meet the higher education system. Therefore, the current management structure to focus attention on particular reforms. Management system of higher education colleges are involved in the structure and layout, division of responsibilities between central and local government and the relationship between schools of higher education development on the global impact of the reform is the focus and the higher education system difficult. This is because: First, for historical reasons. Management system of higher education in China, after the founding of New China, after several changes, each change in the development of higher education have a significant impact, there are some side effects. Some of the profound historical lessons worthy of attention. From 1949 to 1956, is the management system of higher education and start-up period. And was highly centralized planned economy system, the state centralized and unified leadership of higher education, higher education administration department of the State Council and relevant ministries and main business organization and management. To the end of 1955, 227 colleges and universities across the country, essentially under the Ministry of Higher Education and the central leadership and management of the business sector. From 1956 to 1960, is decentralized and the great development of higher stages. June 1956 that the Third Session of the NPC session centralized too much of the enthusiasm of the local school, began to gradually decentralized. By 1958, mainly by the central government leadership and management of 229 of the 187 universities (about 81% of total number of schools) decentralized management of local leadership. This decentralization of higher education and the management authority to change the concentration to play the enthusiasm of the local school played a good role. However, due to the lack of national macro-management guidance for higher education, not to establish the necessary regulations, coupled with time at a beyond the capacity of the national economy, but also violated its own law of development of education, educational quality has been seriously affected. 1961 年 to 1965, is the national adjustment. In conclusion, the fifties, based on lessons learned, the CPC Central Committee in May 1963 issued unified leadership, the central and provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions, two-level management system By 1965, the adjusted total of 434 colleges and universities, including the direct management of Ministry of Higher Education 34, the central management of the business sector 149, provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions and management 251. So far, higher education section (central sector), to (local government) are running and hierarchical management model and shape. Since then, ten years the Smashing of the Sessions of the party, after the restoration of order, higher education management system to recover and make a lot of reforms. In 1978, increased to 598 colleges and universities, including the Ministry of Education is 38, is a 217 other ministries, provincial local government is 343. 1985, In the spirit of these documents under the guidance of the higher education system has achieved certain results. However, due to economic, political, science and technology system not yet in-depth development of the situation not meet the higher education system has not been so prominent. Summarizes the management system of higher education change and reform in historical experience, we can say that the fifties and sixties and even continued into the early eighties, even after the evolution of higher education management system, but generally speaking, has been a national focus on planning, central departments and local governments respectively and directly managed school system is highly centralized planned economic system was adapted. Historical conditions at the time, promoted the development of higher education, training a large number of specialized personnel, basically adapted to the needs of socialist construction, to the economic construction and social development has made important contributions. However, several times the past to change to change the results, mainly for a kind of attachment, changed the Lessons of history today, the reform of our important guiding significance. But also some of our comrades have concerns, mistaking our current management system is the past Thus, also increased the difficulty of reform now. Our current management system, not a simple The management system of higher education, is in the new historical period, in order of higher education structure, layout more rational, more responsive to our social, economic, technological and cultural development needs to better serve the socialist modernization drive; to higher School organizers, administrators, school operators accountability, functional specifications, management and orderly; order to more fully mobilize all levels of government, the business sector, the majority of the whole society and school staff and students the support and enthusiasm of good schools, especially is a good number of high-level schools; to enhance higher education activity, and continuously improve quality and level of education, improve teaching effectiveness. Second, we say that the higher education system of higher education management system is the important and difficult, but also affect the surface because it is a great development and reform of higher education have a global impact of reforms. There are over 1,080 colleges and universities, including 35 in their schools the State Education Commission, the central 63 business units and 325 units in their schools, provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities 713 affiliated schools, private schools in 7 . In the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities in their schools, educational and administrative departments directly under about 57%,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], and other service bureau running about 21%, about 22% of central city schools. Although there were few schools to build condominiums and other forms of joint education reform experiments, but most schools still maintain the original single affiliation. Therefore, the management system, not only to every school, more importantly, to involve central and local government, many departments and units of management authority, the investment system and the distribution of benefits, etc., affecting the surface greatly. For the higher education itself, related to the higher education structure and layout, resource allocation and management efficiency, related to the various services for colleges and universities, academic and professional structure, educational level, enrollment size and development strategies, etc.,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], for higher educational development and reform of global. Institutions of higher learning, is not only related to the ability to independently according to law school really for the community, but also for the adjustment and optimization of Section class, professional structure, improve the educational level, quality and efficiency of education has an important relationship. Management system because of the higher education system is currently the important and difficult, therefore, from now to 2000 or slightly longer, we need to concentrate on higher education management system. This is the establishment of a socialist market economic system and political, technological, cultural and other aspects of reform needs, but also the need for the development of higher education itself. First, higher education management system must be the establishment of socialist market economic system and political, technological, and cultural system to adapt. In the past highly centralized planned economy system, the state concentrated by sector, by product of economic development, strengthening sector management, sector, industry concentration is the direct management of many large and medium enterprises and research institutes, human, financial, and material of direct management. With this support, sector, industry to their own schools, school management, training and distribution expertise. As the socialist market economy system, the implementation of modern enterprise system, attach importance to regional economic development, reform of government institutions and change their functions, central in many sectors, industry is no longer directly manage enterprises, research institutions and their human, financial, material, and on expertise through the talent market supply and demand gradually toward socialization. This not only makes the original sector, industry, more than 300 affiliated colleges and universities met in considerable part of the service for schools, academic and professional structure, development strategy and other issues as well as the difficulties of lack of school funding have become increasingly prominent, and along with regional economy development, rapid economic development in many areas where we feel that the original size of their respective institutions of higher learning, discipline and professional structure can not adapt to local economic and social development. In such circumstances, if not running and management system reform department, obviously there are many in a region of high-level central departments, colleges and universities do, and places do not think this is need talent, but also do a number of proposed direct management of local colleges and universities. This will inevitably cause a new round of expansion on the number of colleges and universities, limited use of resources for higher education is not adequate, reasonable, and decentralization of funds, affecting the effective higher education and healthy development. Secondly, from the perspective of higher education's own law of development, deepening reform of the requirements of higher education management are also increasingly urgent. Management of the existing fragmented system of easily lead to schools, professional structure and layout is unreasonable, some schools and professional duplication, management efficiency is not high; caused Billing Division of the type, industry, schools and strong too, and many schools by product, or even set according to the technological method of professional or otherwise highly professional general wear industry, sector, cap, narrow face of professional, graduate and poor adaptability, Development of modern science more and more integrated, interdisciplinary cross-cutting, increasing infiltration, excessive Billing Division of the industry and strong schools, to a certain extent, influence and tied the school level and the quality of education increased. Billing Division of the industry if schools have strong self-improvement and expansion through the development into the small and complete a comprehensive university, it will not only disrupt the categories of personnel, professional structure, but also low efficiency and limited education investment unattainable. Therefore, the reform of higher education management system, various forms of joint schools and even schools as part of the conditions are ripe for consolidation, centralized focus limited funds to run a number of schools, higher education reform and development has become the inevitable demand and trends. In summary, the management system of higher education and problems in adjusting to is the deepening reform of higher education and development of the current constraints of a At present, we must focus on promoting the deepening of reform of higher education system. Second, higher education management system present situation in the country have been carried out or being carried out by departments and local governments to build colleges and universities, ministries and their schools transferred to local governments, schools cooperation between schools, enterprises and institutions involved in education, two or more schools in the form of a merger involving a total of more than 200 colleges and universities, ministries and affiliated institutions of which accounted for about one-third. 1. Focus on building the 21st century about 100 colleges and universities and a number of key disciplines, and promote the provinces, the departments continue to deepen the management system, well, manage the backbone of some representative schools. Requested access to the Therefore,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the Some provinces and municipalities, departments and schools to actively take measures to develop construction plans to carry out build a condominium, joint schools and for the participation of all sectors of society and support to increase funding for multi-channel input, effectively promoting the higher education management system. According to initial information, to gain access to the 2. Departments and provincial governments to build, pilot co-management of higher education institutions has been gradually carried out. Guangdong Provincial Government and education authorities to build condominiums on the understanding of early and start fast. Began early last year to build a condominium and the State Board of Education school reform. Now the Guangdong Provincial Government have signed an agreement with the relevant departments of Guangdong, almost all ministries in their respective institutions were build condominium. There are even earlier, in 1985, the Department of Liaoning Province and machinery reached an agreement on the implementation of Shenyang University of dual leadership of the Department of Provincial and Liaison Office, actually a kind of reform to build a condominium. Liaoning Province, one-time investment 23 million yuan, Shenyang University, Liaoning Province each year a certain percentage of personnel training, promoting the development of the school. Past two years, the reform of colleges and universities to build the development of rapid tests. It is understood that currently there are 27 central ministries and provinces and the Ministry for Higher-owned condominium. State Education Commission which has 19 affiliated schools.

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